【linux系列】(202212) 磁盘管理

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
查看磁盘使用率
df -h
查看单个目录的挂载情况(目录属于哪个分区)
df -h /home

fdisk -l
lsblk
# 查看文件系统类型
lsblk -f 

lvremove
vgremove
pvremove

# fdisk /dev/sdb
:d  # 删除
:w  # 保存
dos分区表 一个分区最大2T
gpt分区表 不限制

查看是不是ssd
# 使用lsblk命令进行判断，参数-d表示仅显示设备本身（不显示其上分区），参数-o表示仅显示特定的列。
# # 0是ssd 1是hdd
# lsblk -d -o name,rota   
# grep ^ /sys/block/*/queue/rotational
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
[root@localhost ~]# lvremove /dev/mapper/vgqjc-lvqjc 
Do you really want to remove active logical volume vgqjc/lvqjc? [y/n]: y
  Logical volume "lvqjc" successfully removed
[root@localhost ~]# vgremove /dev/mapper/vgqjc
  Volume group "vgqjc" successfully removed
[root@localhost ~]# pvremove /dev/sdl
  Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdl" successfully wiped.
[root@localhost ~]# 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
[root@zqzt-wx13f33-zbhx08w ~]# lsblk -d -o name,rota
NAME ROTA
sda     1
sdb     1
[root@zqzt-wx13f33-zbhx08w ~]#
[root@zqzt-wx13f33-zbhx08w ~]# grep ^ /sys/block/*/queue/rotational
/sys/block/dm-0/queue/rotational:1
/sys/block/dm-1/queue/rotational:1
/sys/block/sda/queue/rotational:1
/sys/block/sdb/queue/rotational:1

fdisk命令中device通常是/dev/hda、/dev/hdb….(IDE接口类型的硬盘设备名)或/dev/sda、/dev/sdb….(SCSI接口类型硬盘设备名)，表示整个硬盘，如果硬盘被分区，则在设备名后追加一个数字表示此设备的第几个分区。如上例中的/dev/sda1和/dev/sda2

疑问：
1.IDE接口类型的硬盘和SCSI接口类型硬盘有什么区别？
2./etc/mtab和/etc/fstab的区别？

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
lvdisplay
pvdisplay
vgdisplay

可以使用pvdisplay 或者pvscan查看创建的物理卷  
使用vgdisplay 或者vgscan 查看卷组  
使用lvscan 或者lvdisplay查看[逻辑卷](https://so.csdn.net/so/search?q=%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91%E5%8D%B7&spm=1001.2101.3001.7020)  
使用df -h查看是否创建成功

需求1：扩容某一个文件系统目录

当前情况

当前磁盘情况

image.png

查看你文件系统类型

1
lsblk -f

image.png

当前pv，vg，lv情况：
当前sdb下有sdb1分区
基于/dev/sdb1创建了pv 

1
pvcreate  /dev/sdb1 --force

基于pv创建了vg(datavg为vg的名字) 

1
vgcreate  datavg /dev/sdb1

基于datavg创建了lv(lv_data_xxx_data为lv的名字)

1
2
sudo lvcreate  -L 4T -n lv_data_xxx_data datavg
sudo mkfs.xfs  -f /dev/mapper/datavg-lv_data_xxx_data

挂载

1
sudo mount  /dev/mapper/datavg-lv_data_xxx_data /vdata/xxx/data

需求

想把sdc到sdm这些磁盘全部挂载到/vdata/tg-paas/data下，该如何实现？

实现

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
sudo parted  -s /dev/sdc mklabel gpt
sudo parted  -s /dev/sdc mkpart primary xfs 0 100%
sudo mkfs.xfs  -f /dev/sdc1

sudo pvcreate  /dev/sdc1 --force

sudo vgextend datavg /dev/sdc1

lvresize -L +9.1T /dev/mapper/datavg-lv_data_xxx_data

# 使用xfs_groupfs进行在线调整xfs格式的文件系统大小
# lsblk -f 查看文件系统类型
xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/datavg-lv_data_xxx_data

# 查看已经扩容成功
lsblk
df -h

需求2：给某个目录/var/www/html挂盘

挂载

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
lsblk
df -h | head -n 20

mkdir -p /var/www/html


lvdisplay | sudo grep  lv_pkg
sudo lvcreate  -L 200G -n lv_pkg datavg
sudo mkfs.xfs  -f /dev/mapper/datavg-lv_pkg
sudo mount  | sudo grep  "/dev/mapper/datavg-lv_pkg on /var/www/html"
sudo mount  /dev/mapper/datavg-lv_pkg /var/www/html
sudo cat  /etc/fstab | sudo grep  "/dev/mapper/datavg-lv_pkg"
sudo cat  /etc/mtab  | sudo grep  datavg-lv_pkg >> /etc/fstab
sudo cat  /etc/fstab | sudo grep  "/dev/mapper/datavg-lv_pkg"
sudo cat  /etc/fstab

sudo df -h |grep html
df -h | grep var

解挂

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
# df -h | grep var
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lv_var               60G   49G   12G  81% /var
/dev/mapper/datavg-lv_log_tg_paas      500G  3.6G  497G   1% /var/log/tg-paas
/dev/mapper/datavg-lv_log_pods         500G  3.8G  497G   1% /var/log/pods
/dev/mapper/datavg-lv_pkg              1.0T  7.2G 1017G   1% /var/www/html
# cd ~
# umount /dev/mapper/datavg-lv_pkg
# df -h | grep var
/dev/mapper/rootvg-lv_var               60G   49G   12G  81% /var
/dev/mapper/datavg-lv_log_tg_paas      500G  3.6G  497G   1% /var/log/tg-paas
/dev/mapper/datavg-lv_log_pods         500G  3.8G  497G   1% /var/log/pods

# lsblk
NAME                          MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                             8:0    0 446.1G  0 disk 
├─sda1                          8:1    0   512M  0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2                          8:2    0     1G  0 part /boot
└─sda3                          8:3    0 444.6G  0 part 
  ├─rootvg-lv_root            252:0    0    20G  0 lvm  /
  ├─rootvg-lv_swap            252:1    0    16G  0 lvm  
  ├─rootvg-lv_var             252:3    0    60G  0 lvm  /var
  ├─rootvg-lv_home            252:6    0    20G  0 lvm  /home
  └─rootvg-lv_kerneldata_etcd 252:8    0    50G  0 lvm  /kerneldata/etcd
sdb                             8:16   0   4.9T  0 disk 
└─sdb1                          8:17   0   4.9T  0 part 
  ├─datavg-lv_data            252:2    0   500G  0 lvm  /vdata
  ├─datavg-lv_data_net        252:4    0   100G  0 lvm  /vdata/net
  ├─datavg-lv_log_pods        252:5    0   500G  0 lvm  /var/log/pods
  ├─datavg-lv_log_tg_paas     252:7    0   500G  0 lvm  /var/log/tg-paas
  └─datavg-lv_pkg             252:9    0     1T  0 lvm  


# lvresize -L 200G /dev/mapper/datavg-lv_pkg
  WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 200.00 GiB.
  THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce datavg/lv_pkg? [y/n]: y
  Size of logical volume datavg/lv_pkg changed from 1.00 TiB (262144 extents) to 200.00 GiB (51200 extents).
  Logical volume datavg/lv_pkg successfully resized.


# lsblk
NAME                          MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                             8:0    0 446.1G  0 disk 
├─sda1                          8:1    0   512M  0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2                          8:2    0     1G  0 part /boot
└─sda3                          8:3    0 444.6G  0 part 
  ├─rootvg-lv_root            252:0    0    20G  0 lvm  /
  ├─rootvg-lv_swap            252:1    0    16G  0 lvm  
  ├─rootvg-lv_var             252:3    0    60G  0 lvm  /var
  ├─rootvg-lv_home            252:6    0    20G  0 lvm  /home
  └─rootvg-lv_kerneldata_etcd 252:8    0    50G  0 lvm  /kerneldata/etcd
sdb                             8:16   0   4.9T  0 disk 
└─sdb1                          8:17   0   4.9T  0 part 
  ├─datavg-lv_data            252:2    0   500G  0 lvm  /vdata
  ├─datavg-lv_data_net        252:4    0   100G  0 lvm  /vdata/net
  ├─datavg-lv_log_pods        252:5    0   500G  0 lvm  /var/log/pods
  ├─datavg-lv_log_tg_paas     252:7    0   500G  0 lvm  /var/log/tg-paas
  └─datavg-lv_pkg             252:9    0   200G  0 lvm  


sudo mkfs.xfs  -f /dev/mapper/datavg-lv_pkg
sudo mount  | sudo grep  "/dev/mapper/datavg-lv_pkg on /var/www/html"
sudo mount  /dev/mapper/datavg-lv_pkg /var/www/html
sudo cat  /etc/fstab | sudo grep  "/dev/mapper/datavg-lv_pkg"

删除对应行


sudo cat  /etc/mtab  | sudo grep  datavg-lv_pkg >> /etc/fstab
sudo cat  /etc/fstab | sudo grep  "/dev/mapper/datavg-lv_pkg"
sudo cat  /etc/fstab


需求3：sdb下面分了三个区，想要变成1个

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
[root@tgypt-wxd43-zbhx243w ~]# lsblk
NAME                          MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                             8:0    0 893.8G  0 disk 
├─sda1                          8:1    0   512M  0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2                          8:2    0     1G  0 part /boot
└─sda3                          8:3    0 892.3G  0 part 
  ├─rootvg-lv_root            252:0    0    20G  0 lvm  /
  ├─rootvg-lv_swap            252:1    0    16G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  ├─rootvg-lv_var             252:2    0    60G  0 lvm  /var
  ├─rootvg-lv_home            252:3    0    20G  0 lvm  /home
  └─rootvg-lv_kerneldata_etcd 252:4    0    50G  0 lvm  /kerneldata/etcd
sdb                             8:16   0  29.1T  0 disk 
├─sdb1                          8:17   0   512M  0 part 
├─sdb2                          8:18   0     1G  0 part 
└─sdb3                          8:19   0   7.3T  0 part 
sdc                             8:32   0  29.1T  0 disk 
nvme1n1                       259:0    0   1.5T  0 disk 
nvme0n1                       259:1    0   1.5T  0 disk 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
[root@tgypt-wxd43-zbhx243w ~]# ls /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1
[root@tgypt-wxd43-zbhx243w ~]# 
[root@tgypt-wxd43-zbhx243w ~]# 
[root@tgypt-wxd43-zbhx243w ~]# echo $?
0
[root@tgypt-wxd43-zbhx243w ~]# sudo ls -l /dev/mapper/ | sudo grep datavg
[root@tgypt-wxd43-zbhx243w ~]# 
[root@tgypt-wxd43-zbhx243w ~]# 
[root@tgypt-wxd43-zbhx243w ~]# echo $?
1
[root@tgypt-wxd43-zbhx243w ~]# sudo parted  -s /dev/sdb mklabel gpt
[root@tgypt-wxd43-zbhx243w ~]# 
[root@tgypt-wxd43-zbhx243w ~]# 
[root@tgypt-wxd43-zbhx243w ~]# lsblk
NAME                          MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                             8:0    0 893.8G  0 disk 
├─sda1                          8:1    0   512M  0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2                          8:2    0     1G  0 part /boot
└─sda3                          8:3    0 892.3G  0 part 
  ├─rootvg-lv_root            252:0    0    20G  0 lvm  /
  ├─rootvg-lv_swap            252:1    0    16G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  ├─rootvg-lv_var             252:2    0    60G  0 lvm  /var
  ├─rootvg-lv_home            252:3    0    20G  0 lvm  /home
  └─rootvg-lv_kerneldata_etcd 252:4    0    50G  0 lvm  /kerneldata/etcd
sdb                             8:16   0  29.1T  0 disk 
sdc                             8:32   0  29.1T  0 disk 
nvme1n1                       259:0    0   1.5T  0 disk 
nvme0n1                       259:1    0   1.5T  0 disk 
[root@tgypt-wxd43-zbhx243w ~]# 
[root@tgypt-wxd43-zbhx243w ~]# 
[root@tgypt-wxd43-zbhx243w ~]# echo $?
0
[root@tgypt-wxd43-zbhx243w ~]# sudo parted  -s /dev/sdb mkpart primary xfs 0 100%
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance: 34s % 2048s != 0s
[root@tgypt-wxd43-zbhx243w ~]# 
[root@tgypt-wxd43-zbhx243w ~]# sudo mkfs.xfs  -f /dev/sdb1
warning: device is not properly aligned /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1              isize=512    agcount=32, agsize=244171712 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=7813494784, imaxpct=5
         =                       sunit=64     swidth=256 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=521728, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=64 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@tgypt-wxd43-zbhx243w ~]# 
[root@tgypt-wxd43-zbhx243w ~]# 
[root@tgypt-wxd43-zbhx243w ~]# 
[root@tgypt-wxd43-zbhx243w ~]# lsblk
NAME                          MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                             8:0    0 893.8G  0 disk 
├─sda1                          8:1    0   512M  0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2                          8:2    0     1G  0 part /boot
└─sda3                          8:3    0 892.3G  0 part 
  ├─rootvg-lv_root            252:0    0    20G  0 lvm  /
  ├─rootvg-lv_swap            252:1    0    16G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  ├─rootvg-lv_var             252:2    0    60G  0 lvm  /var
  ├─rootvg-lv_home            252:3    0    20G  0 lvm  /home
  └─rootvg-lv_kerneldata_etcd 252:4    0    50G  0 lvm  /kerneldata/etcd
sdb                             8:16   0  29.1T  0 disk 
└─sdb1                          8:17   0  29.1T  0 part 
sdc                             8:32   0  29.1T  0 disk 
nvme1n1                       259:0    0   1.5T  0 disk 
nvme0n1                       259:1    0   1.5T  0 disk 
[root@tgypt-wxd43-zbhx243w ~]#

需求4：

image.png

datavg-lv_data 从500G改为100G

参考

Linux 物理卷(PV)、逻辑卷(LV)、卷组(VG)管理

linux
【linux系列】(202212) 磁盘管理
http://example.com/2022/12/28/linux/【linux系列】(202212) 磁盘管理/
作者
ningan123
发布于
2022年12月28日
许可协议